Exploring Mongolia: A Traveler’s Guide to the Land of Nomads

Mark Phipps
Nov 16
6 min read

Visiting the last of the Reindeer herders.

Mongolia – a land of vast steppes, snow-capped mountains, nomadic traditions, and experiences that stay with you for a lifetime. From the wild north with its reindeer herders to the heart of the country in the central plains, traveling here is about embracing the unexpected, immersing yourself in the culture, and soaking in landscapes that seem endless.

I spent a little under 2 weeks in Mongolia which isn't much time for such a vast country, but I chose my regions wisely and didn't rush the places that I visited, while also allowing for my plans to change and get disrupted, which they did!

Here's my guide to exploring Mongolia, with tips for the best times to visit, practical advice, and stories from my own journey across this fascinating country.

Going herding was a highlight of my trip. Reindeer herding on reindeer-back is a way of life here.

Northern Mongolia: Life with the Reindeer Nomads

How to visit the Tsaatan people in Mongolia?

The north of Mongolia is home to the Tsaatan reindeer people, one of the world’s last nomadic reindeer tribes. Visiting this region is almost stepping back in time, but I think a more accurate description with all due respect is to say it felt a little more post-apocalyptic as there are certainly hints at the modern world outside of this very simple, relaxed lifestyle. Portable DVD players hooked up to giant satellite dishes that are powered by car batteries provide some connection to the outside world for occasional national news updates but the family I stayed with didn't seem to use it much.

After a 12 hour overnight bus from Ulaanbataar to Moron, I stopped off briefly at the apartment of Saraa (she's amazing, and I can put anyone in contact with her who might be interested in visiting), who had helped my make contact with the Tsaatan tribe and I taught an impromptu English lesson to 8 kids who had turned up, before being ushered onto a shared transport bus heading towards the town of Tsaagaanuur. An 8 hours, relentlessly bumpy drive late with a rather drunk Mongolian man alongside (he wasn't drunk when we started our drive, but certainly was once we arrived after polishing off a hefty bottle of local vodka). I spent the night in town before getting picked up in the morning and finishing my journey on reindeer-back to reach the camp of the host family for 3 days.

Joining the family to herd the reindeer down from the mountains was a special moment, and generally just watching the slow mountain life as a guest was special. They spoke no English at all, but we found ways to communicate and I was invited into not only their home but I got to see a glimpse of what everyday life looks like for them.

Life here is deeply intertwined with nature. Families live in traditional gers (yurts), hunt, herd, and maintain customs that have existed for centuries. I also had the privilege of visiting a local shaman, who performed a ritual and gave me advice and guidance for my life. A tip for travelers: bring gifts for the shaman – food, cigarettes, or a small amount of money – as a sign of respect.

Cuisine is simple but hearty, reflecting the land’s resources. During my stay, I enjoyed dishes mainly made of potatoes, carrots, and meat. There are a few variations of similar ingredients and after it all I must say I took a like to tsuivan (a noodle and meat dish) and buuz (steamed dumplings).

The cold evenings, the snow settling over the mountains, and the quiet of the northern wilderness made this part of Mongolia unforgettable. It’s not about rushing from activity to activity – it’s about living in the moment, connecting with the people, and embracing the stillness of the land. Sitting and observing day to day life is what you come here for, so you'll need to keep yourself entertained by becoming part of the family. The area is an extension of the Siberian wilderness, where wolves roam and deer and elk are present. It's only abut 65kms from the border of Russian so you'll need to acquire a special permit in Moron to visit this land which can be done in less than a day and most guides or guesthouses should be able to arrange for you.

Each trip may be individual depending on how long you want to stay, if you want to visit the East or West tribes, how many of you are visiting etc. Mongolia isn't really a place of sep tours and itineraries which is great for those of you looking for a more unique experiences.

Central Mongolia: Culture, History, and Nomadic Life

Traveling to the heart of Mongolia offers a completely different experience. While the north is remote and isolated, the central plains combine history, culture, and breathtaking landscapes.

I arrived in the central region and found the snow was less heavy than in the north, but the wind swept across the vast flat plains, making it feel bitterly cold at times especially at night. Here, I explored the ancient capital and immersed myself in the story of Genghis Khan, whose legacy is woven into every corner of Mongolian culture.

One special memory was celebrating my birthday with a nomadic family by sharing horse meat, a traditional and highly respected honor in Mongolian culture. I also spent time herding sheep in Hustei National Park and riding horses across the open steppe, staying in traditional gers with families who live completely off the land. There are no tourist camps here – just genuine nomadic life and wide-open spaces.

Traveling in central Mongolia comes with practical realities: long travel days on bumpy roads, limited phone signal, and sparse infrastructure. But that’s part of the magic. The country isn’t about ticking off a list of activities – it’s about slowing down, soaking in the scenery, and letting the journey itself become the experience.

When to Visit Mongolia

Mongolia experiences extreme weather and dramatic seasonal changes, so choosing the right time to visit depends on the type of adventure you want.

Spring (March–May): The land begins to wake after the harsh winter. Expect chilly mornings and mild days. Great for seeing newborn livestock and enjoying the peaceful landscapes before the peak tourist season.
Summer (June–August): The most popular time to visit, with long days, vibrant festivals, and perfect weather for trekking and horse riding. However, be prepared for mosquitoes near rivers and lakes.
Autumn (September–October): I visited in October, and this was an unforgettable experience. Nights can drop to -8°C, and snow often falls in the evenings, especially in the north. The landscapes are golden, quiet, and stunning.
Winter (November–February): The coldest months bring deep snow and fierce winds, especially in the central plains. This is a magical but challenging time, ideal only for those seeking a true adventure.

Packing Tips: Warm layers are non-negotiable. Snow boots, a high-quality winter jacket, gloves, and a hat are essential. The good news: in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia’s capital, you can pick up reliable winter gear for a fraction of what it costs back home.

Inside a traditional Ger. These are common in Mongolia and I slept here alongside my host family.

Fun Facts and Travel Tips

Mongolia is full of fascinating quirks and surprises:

The country has more livestock than people – roughly three times more animals than humans.
Gers (yurts) are central to Mongolian life, portable homes that have been used for centuries.
The Naadam festival is the country’s most famous celebration, featuring wrestling, horse racing, and archery.
Wildlife is abundant: from snow leopards to wild horses, and of course, reindeer in the north.

Travel Tips:

Transportation is a mix of domestic flights, buses, and car hire. Roads can be rough, so patience is key.
Expect limited phone signal in rural areas – disconnecting is part of the charm.
Pack gifts for locals or shamans if visiting for cultural experiences.
Be ready for a slow pace – Mongolia is about the journey, not the itinerary.

I met a few other travelers who recommended visiting western Mongolia to see the Kazakh eagle hunters. Unfortunately, my travel dates didn’t allow for it, but I plan to explore Kazakhstan in the future to experience this unique tradition.

Why Visit Mongolia?

Mongolia is not a typical tourist destination – and that’s exactly why it’s so special. It’s a place where the people, culture, and landscapes are the main attractions. Whether it’s herding reindeer in the northern mountains, sharing meals with nomadic families in the central plains, or riding horses across endless steppe, the experiences are intimate, authentic, and unforgettable.

So, pack your warmest layers, leave your expectations at the door, and prepare to be amazed by the quiet beauty and enduring traditions of Mongolia.